by Bridie Cavanaugh

Created on: January 20, 2009   Last Updated: June 17, 2009

For humans, chocolate is known as the nectar of the gods. However, this delicious treat is poisonous to dogs.

Chocolate contains a high level of theobromine which occurs naturally in cocoa beans. Dogs do not metabolize theobromine efficiently and it builds up in their systems. This can lead to heart disease and cardiac arrest. It may also affect the nervous and gastrointestinal systems. Chocolate contains high fat content which can cause enteritis or pancreatitis. It has high levels of caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant which can affect the central nervous system.

The toxicity of chocolate varies by the type of chocolate and the weight of your dog. The smaller the dog the less chocolate they can eat without experiencing health issues. Even small quantities of chocolate can cause vomiting and diarrhea.

White Chocolate has low levels of caffeine and theobromine. It takes a large amount to be toxic. Approximately 55 pounds of white chocolate would be toxic to a 20 pound dog.

Milk Chocolate has higher levels. Approximately one oz per pound of body weight can be toxic. Little more than a pound of milk chocolate could be lethal to a 20 pound dog.

Semi-Sweet Chocolate poses a serious risk. Approximately one oz per three pounds of body weight can be deadly. Less than half a pound could be toxic to a 20 pound dog.

Baking Chocolate is dangerous. Two small one oz squares can be lethal to an 18 pound dog. Approximately one oz per nine pounds of body weight can be toxic.

If you suspect your dog has ingested chocolate, watch for signs of poisoning. Call your veterinarian. Be specific as to the type, and amount, of chocolate your dog has eaten. Your dog should be treated within four to six hours after ingesting chocolate. Signs of poisoning include:

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Restlessness

Hyperactivity

Frequent Urination

Excessive Panting

Seizures

Muscle Twitches

To begin treatment at home, use hydrogen peroxide to induce vomiting. Give a small dog 1-2 teaspoons, and a larger dog 3-4 teaspoons, every 10-15 minutes until the dog vomits. Follow with activated charcoal. Charcoal binds to poison and slows down absorption into the bloodstream. Estimate 1 teaspoon of the activated charcoal for dogs up to 25 pounds and 2 teaspoons for over 25 pounds.

Like humans, dogs easily develop a sweet tooth. Keep chocolate out of reach. If you suspect your dog has ingested chocolate, call your veterinarian immediately and take your dog to the nearest veterinary hospital.

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