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the water on the downstream side will appear calmer than the main current. Don't be fooled by eddies. The larger the obstacle that creates them, the more "unstable" the water will be, with the surface current more calm and appearing to flow upstream, but with the underwater current being more fierce and pulling downstream.

Waves that appear to stay in one place are sure signs of a large underwater obstacle such as a boulder. Here, the water is being pushed up and over the obstacle, thus forming the "wave".

Study the rocks that are only partially submerged. If there is any vegetation growing on them, you can be pretty sure that the submerged rocks you will be crossing over will also be covered and slippery. Also note the size, if the rocks you are seeing are large, be aware that the pockets next them will also be large. Those pockets are a great way to turn an ankle or trap a foot.

Look for areas of relatively small, wide successive ripples in the water. These are signs of relatively shallow water that can make crossing easier. Ideally, you want to put together a crossing that connects these "riffles" and the broadest parts of the "V"s you can.

PREPARING FOR THE CROSSING

If you don't already have a hiking staff, stick, or trekking poles, cut a length of pole at least as tall as you are. You can use this for balance and to test the river bed for holes and stability. You will also want to unbuckle the belt of your backpack so that you can dump it in case you fall in. Your backpack likely will float, but once it gets soaked, it will only become an anchor for you, if it remains attached.

When entering the water, turn at an angle so that you cut into the flow of the stream and the full force of the water has a smaller area to push against. Shuffle your feet, testing each step before fully committing. Use your stick or pole to test for depth ahead of you.

Be aware of floating debris. When you studied the currents to find a safe place to cross, you probably made note of how much and what types of debris were heading downstream. Keep this in mind now so you can be prepared to avoid it as you are crossing.

River crossings are some of the trickiest and most dangerous aspects of wilderness navigation. Keep these tips in mind, even with smaller streams, as they can make a big difference in the success and enjoyment of your hike. Happy trails.

Learn more about this author, Joseph Hazelbaker.
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