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There are several river crossing safety tips for hikers that can make the difference between an enjoyable trip and an emergency rescue. There is a much smaller margin for error when crossing a river than with navigating most other wilderness obstacles.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:off ice:office" />

RIVER GEOGRAPHY

The first thing to keep in mind is that crossing a river is often the most dangerous path you can tank, particularly in cold weather. If you are forced to make a wet crossing (where you enter the water, as opposed to crossing over the water), then scout the water carefully.

Remember, streams are typically narrower towards its headwaters (upstream). However, the water might also be moving faster further upstream. Still, the narrower the water course, the higher the chance of passing over the stream without getting too wet. The problem with entering the water is that, in many instances, you can't clearly see your path and many underwater pitfalls may await you.

If you are forced to cross towards the mouth of the river, remember that underwater currents are strongest here. You will want to plan on drifting downstream during your crossing. So, don't start your crossing directly across from where you plan to exit the stream. You will want to start a bit upstream, with the distance determined by how fast you read the currents to be.

Wherever you cross, keep the following river features in mind. First, current is fastest on the outside of riverbanks. High stream banks will be difficult to climb, and may even be undercut by water currents creating a potential trap. Where the bank is steep or appears undercut, be particularly aware of underwater traps such as submerged trees, which can catch loose clothing or backpack straps.

READING THE WATER

Once you have made the decision on where to cross, study the water. You can learn several things about your potential path and what is underwater by studying the water's movement.

Watch logs, branches, or other flotsam to get a feel for the speed and direction of the currents. If you don't see any floating debris, make your own by tossing in a couple good sized branches upstream of where you plan on crossing.

The main flow of the current will be evident by a "V" shaped flow of the water as it passes a rock or other obstacle. In this case, the point of the "V" will be where the water passes over or around the rock or obstacle and the opening of the "V" will be facing downstream. With bigger obstacles,

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