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in the environment, not with the behavior you are trying to extinguish.

No reward markers ("No", "Oops", etc) can be used as conditioned negative punishers, a signal that the dog has just lost a reward. However, I do not advise using these constantly, as they could become positive punishers (if your tone increases in intensity). Besides that, timing for no reward markers has to be impeccable, too. It is better to consider what you want the animal to do. Instead of punishing the wrong behavior, reward the correct behavior. Likewise, give the dog an alternative. If you do not want your dog jumping up on you when you arrive home, ask it for a sit before it jumps. Shower it with attention when it sits! Eventually, it will realize that it will receive a desired resource (your attention) if it sits. The sits should become more prevalent. If the dog continues to jump sporadically, you could say "Oops" and turn your back to the dog (No reward marker). Wait for the dog to sit before you show it any attention. This should be a more positive experience for both you AND your dog (versus punishing).

In my opinion, the best strategy for training is positive reinforcement. I have seen both methods in action, and I have had the most success training with positive ways. "Most success" meaning that inappropriate behaviors actually become extinct (since they do not work for the animal), and the offering of correct behavior increases rapidly and enthusiastically. From my experience, dogs trained with positive methods seem happier. I would much rather see a dog excitedly offering "sits", "stays", etc, versus one that looks fearfully at it's owner as it sits. As trainers, we should all desire to have happy, trusting, and obedient animals (it IS possible!).

References:

Donaldso n, Jean. "The Culture Clash." James and Kenneth Publishers, 1996.

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