by Anitra Lahiri

Created on: December 30, 2008

India is a country of considerable paradoxes. It is potent yet destitute; populated by pacifists yet war-torn; cloaked in the richest of spiritual philosophies yet fraught with poverty.

India's caste system is a deeply engrained social construct that has been intact for thousands of years. Despite evidence that the caste system is becoming a dying tradition, it has claimed its grip on India, and its effects will continue into the future. Many Indians who are poor by birth continue to exist in a state of destitution. The poor do not have a right to education, which leads to illiteracy, unemployment, disease, and overpopulation. Some children living in rural villages continue to be forced to work in order to help the family survive; thus, the cycle of poverty continues. No nation can truly move forward if such social disparities exist between rich and poor and while at least half of its people lack basic human necessities. Clean water and literacy cannot be privileges in a country that is endeavoring to advance. Poverty is a conflict of the spirit, and India must strive to liberate itself from it in order to progress.

The relationship between Pakistan and India is another primary challenge facing India today. While the tension between the two countries has always been tenuous, with disagreements about religion, political tactics, and territory prevailing, the recent terrorist bombings in Mumbai may cause the strife to escalate. After the bombings, many Indians, including Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, have alluded to the suspicion that Pakistan was to blame for the violence. Numerous public comments have been made regarding this notion, and Pakistan's response could be one of which India must be wary. Both countries have made statements regarding their stocks of bombs and missiles; the threat of war lingers in the air.

Women's rights, inflation, environmental woes, and a monsoon-dependent agriculture are further problems that plague India. However, none are as imperative as its battle with poverty, and none are as pressing as its relationship with Pakistan. After all, a nation's people must be both educated and safe if it can conquer the rest of its challenges.

Interestingly, the solutions to India's conflicts of poverty and strained relations with Pakistan can be addressed through related means: by spending money on educational reform rather than on military defense. It is ironic that, in a land that historically and culturally cherishes the Hindu value of

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