by Angie Pollock

Created on: December 29, 2008

Pasteurellosis is a highly contagious disease found in domesticated rabbits. Caused by the Pasteurella multocida bacteria, Pasteurellosis can lead to one of the most common illnesses found in rabbits known as snuffles. Rabbits can harbor Pasteurella for long periods of time without showing any outward signs of carrying the bacteria. Ultimately, the bacterium is transferred to other rabbits which can result in an outbreak of pasteurellosis.

The Pasteurella bacteria can be passed from a breeding pair of rabbits, from does to kits during delivery or nursing and from one rabbit to another through contaminated feeding and watering containers. Not just a contact disease, the bacterium can also be spread through the air and transferred among rabbits. A large percentage of healthy rabbits are considered asymptomatic carriers and transmit Pasteurella to other non-carrier rabbits.

Those rabbits that become ill from the Pasteurella bacteria usually contract nose and lung infections leading to snuffles. The rabbit's nose becomes inflamed and infected with signs of congestion. The nose will have a discharge and breathing will have a "snuffling" sound. This discharge may appear obvious on the front feet as the rabbit will use the feet to wipe the nose. Other symptoms of snuffles include sneezing, head tilt, and labored breathing.

More common in the spring and summer months, snuffles is often accompanied by conjunctivitis or pink eye. The bacteria can also cause ear infections, pneumonia and abscesses along with the upper respiratory diseases commonly associated with Pasteurellosis.

Respiratory problems in rabbits are caused most by the Pasteurella bacteria which can lead to the death of a rabbit if left untreated. When a rabbit's immune system is already weak, the chance of survival from the bacteria lessens. Several different strains of Pasteurella multocida exist and the chances of survival can depend upon which type the rabbit is infected with and if the rabbit receives appropriate treatment.

Rabbits who are suffering from a severe case of snuffles or that are in respiratory distress will need antibiotic treatment. Because rabbits can die from certain antibiotics, it is important to seek out a veterinarian who specializes in rabbit care and the rabbit owner should stay informed on any medications that are being prescribed to their rabbit. Mild cases can typically be treated without antibiotics but should be closely monitored for any progression of the disease.

There are no full-proof preventative ways to know if a rabbit is carrying the Pasteurella multocida bacteria. There are steps that can be taken to help insure you are purchasing a healthy rabbit. Whether purchasing from a pet store or a breeder, examine the housing area for cleanliness. Look over all of the rabbits that are being housed with the rabbit you are considering.

When bringing a new rabbit home, the rabbit should be quarantined from any rabbits you may already own for at least 5 to 7 days. Wash your hands between handling of each rabbit and do not allow rabbits to share food or water containers or toys. New rabbit owners should learn what the signs of snuffles are and watch for any changes in their rabbit's behavior and habits. The Pasteurella multocida bacteria is highly contagious and at the first sign of snuffles, rabbit owners should seek veterinarian care.

References:

RABBITS FOR DUMMIES by Audrey Pavia, copyright 2003.

THE RABBIT HANDBOOK by Dr. Karen Gendron, copyright 2000.

http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=18+1803&aid=2686

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