A timid dog may be just a little shy or downright terrified. It doesn't mean they were abused physically, although this is often the case. Sometimes just uncertainty and change can drive a well-adjusted, but naturally reserved dog into fear and cowering at the least noise or confusion.
It can take weeks or even months for any new dog to accept a new home and family. If a dog was severely abused or is just naturally timid, it may take even more time to convince them that all is now right with their world. They may always be reserved and quiet - but that doesn't necessarily mean they are unhappy.
- Life Without Pity
The worst thing you can do for a timid or frightened dog is to feel sorry for them and try to soothe away their fears. Trying to comfort away a timid dog's fears will have the exact opposite of the desired effect. When your dog is acting timid, the best thing is to ignore the behavior completely, and carry on as if nothing is wrong. Take a deep breath and remember that your hesitation will be feeding their fear. Remember that you are the "role model" and need to set a good example - and you can!
I've witnessed a relatively normal dog become hesitant and shy because the foster care worker petted and fussed the dog when she (dog and care worker, too) was nervous. This same kind hearted woman has driven another dog into a becoming an unadoptable fear-biter, because she continues to baby him when he is scared and refuses to correct him when he is naughty. We know he can be a normal dog, because when he stayed with us for several months, he was a completely different dog.
I stress this point because I think it is THE major reason timid dogs don't learn to overcome their fears, preventing them from having a happy life.
- Safe Place
Your home should be a safe place for your dog, and in a chaotic house they will need a quiet place to relax and recharge. Don't shut them away from the rest of the world - this will only make them worse, but don't force them into the middle of the activity either. A quiet spot where they can watch the action is best, and a crate with an open door is ideal.
- Exercise
A timid dog will want to hide away from the world, and many prefer to spend more time under the bed or curled in a corner of the sofa than out and about. A good walk, in a quiet neighborhood to start, will give your dog needed exercise, will activate their noses and curiosity and will provide an excellent bonding opportunity for you and your dog. As they begin to relax, gradually introduce them to a bit more chaos.
- Socialization
The ideal age to socialize a dog is the first six months of their lives - when they are older, it is more difficult, but it is possible. Proceed slowly -start with a quiet dog or two first, then a few new, calm people, then new situations. Always stay calm yourself, although it may be easier said than done, but eventually your new dog will gain confidence, and you will become more confident in them.
- A Doggie Friend
A four-legged friend may be the best cure for a timid dog. Not only will they have someone they can relate to, but a calm, confident pal will provide the right energy and a good role model. Make sure their new friend is calm and easy-going. Don't leave them unattended until you are VERY sure they are going to get along - after several weeks if not longer.
As an example, our Spudz was quiet and fairly well-behaved when we first adopted her, but obviously shy and prone to flinching when petted. She didn't bark - ever. A few weeks after we adopted Mackenzie, Spudz started to come out of her shell and interacting more, flinching less and yes, barking. Now when she gets started woofing, she generally refuses to stop, but we know she's now comfortable with us.
- A Word About Fear-Biting
In my experience, dogs that bite generally do so out of fear. That is not to say that all timid dogs bite (Spudz certainly doesn't and has never offered to!), but rather that it's a possibility if your dog is pushed too far. Knowing this ahead of time will help you plan ahead and prevent a situation where your dog will feel the need to bite.
For example, if your dog hides in his crate and refuses to come out, fasten a short length of rope to his collar so you can coax them out without having to reach into their "space". Make sure children and newcomers respect the dog's space too, at all times. If you don't have a line on their collar, use a slip-leash (used in the show ring) rather than grabbing for their collar.
Timid dogs always tug at our heartstrings and it is within our power to help them, if we avoid feeling sorry for them. Give them time, a safe place, and show them what a normal life is like - and maybe a friend or two - and they will soon come out of their shell.