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Each year, approximately 25,000 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) are diagnoses. In the United States, TB is largely treatable, but elsewhere in the world it is a leading cause of death. The number of TB cases has been steadily declining in this half of the century, but in cases of TB reoccurrence, the recurring infection is stronger than before and likely more resistant to therapies that were initially effective. As a result, treating recurring TB requires lengthier courses of stronger antibiotics.

Because TB is an airborne respiratory infection, it is transmitted from person to person through sneezing and coughing. The risk of catching TB increases with prolonged exposure to the microbacteria, especially when people are together in a closed space for an extended period of time. This is just one of the reasons why college students who live in dorms must be vaccinated for TB prior to moving in for the school year. Additionally, hospital patients who may have TB are kept away from other patients with compromised immune or respiratory systems and specific cross-infection protocol is utilized to prevent the spread of TB.

Once in the lungs, TB spreads easily and quickly. Although it may lie dormant for a brief period of time, eventually the infection erupts and symptoms develop. People who have weakened immune systems, chronic respiratory disease such as cystic fibrosis, or other chronic conditions like cancer and HIV/AIDS are at risk of developing complications from a TB infection.

Symptoms can mimic that of the common flu and may include:

- Loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss

- Night sweats

- Fever and chills

- Lack of energy

The most telling symptom is bloody sputum or bouts of light hemoptysis (coughing up blood.)

The diet plays an important role in treating tuberculosis. This also includes several months (6-18) of antibiotic therapy and possible hospitalization. While being treated for TB, certain foods must be avoided because they may interact negatively with prescribed medications. Alcohol for example, may amplify the nerve and liver damage which is already happening because of the TB.

A variety of helpful foods can bolster the immune system and help the body fight against tuberculosis. Fresh fruits and vegetables provide vitamins A and C and powerful antioxidants. Fatty fish are an excellent source of vitamin D. Vitamin D makes it easier for the body to metabolize calcium which is essential for bone growth. This is particularly important for people who may be suffering from malabsorption along with the TB infection. Damaged tissue can be restored by eating lean meats such as chicken and fish. Two servings of lean meats or eggs per day are all that's needed to promote restoration of muscles.

Nerve damage that may result from certain types of antibiotics can be avoided by eating dark green leafy vegetables which contain B6. Finally, starchy foods and complex carbohydrates should comprise the majority of the diet while undergoing treatment for TB. These whole grains provide the energy necessary to fight against tuberculosis.

Learn more about this author, Lauren Beyenhof.
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