by Annette Poro

Created on: September 23, 2008

The Basic Framework of Learning a Skill

What is a skill?

A skill is simply something a person can do.

There are three main categories of skills.

1. Technical skills

These skills involve doing something with objects, for example, creating a spreadsheet

2. Interpersonal skills

These skills involve interactions with people; for example, dealing effectively with a difficult customer.

3. Cognitive skills

This third category of skills involve the manipulation of concepts or ideas, for example, generating a set of key points based on the analysis of a report.

How does a person learn a skill?

A lot has been written about how human skills can be developed. The basic framework of learning a skill might be summarised in five points as follows.

1. Observations

In order to acquire the ability to "do" something we need guidance on what to do. Guidance can be given orally or in writing, such as the guidance of an instruction manual, but demonstration is often the most effective from of guidance. Ideally the first step in learning a skill is that the learner observes someone else practicing the skill in full or in part. For example, if a new recruit in the work environment observes others at work, this is a first step in learning.

2. Practice

Progress in skill development comes when the learner starts to carry out the activity; ideally under the guidance of someone who is already skilled. Opportunities to practice regularly are essential. Ideally the learner will practice elements of the skill, one at a time and gradually take on greater levels of challenge.

3. Point of Error

It to be expected that the learner will reach a point of error while practicing the skill. The learning process is one of trial and error. Skilled guidance and support helps during this stage of learning, so that the shortcomings in skill that result in errors are appropriately managed and remedial steps taken in the next practice session.

4. Feedback

Constructive feedback and encouragement by a coach during skill practice will support learning and improve technique during the next practice session.

5. Further Practice

With adequate opportunity to refine technique through practice of the skill at increasing levels of challenge, the learner gradually becomes proficient

How can a coach help someone learn a skill?

If helping someone learn a skill, there are some points to bear in mind:

Ensure that the learner is available, ready and has some energy for the challenge at the time of the coaching

Ensure that the learner is motivated

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