Cats suffer from a number of illnesses, many of which are difficult if not impossible for us to detect. The problem is further complicated because many of us with indoor cats don't take them to the vet for regular checkups.
Fortunately, most cats are very healthy, but there are several major illnesses that all cat owners should be aware of and lookout for.
- Bladder/Urinary Tract Problems
Urinary tract infections are more common in cats that many owners realize, and what we consider to be a behavioral problem (spraying furniture, walls or carpet) can actually be an uncomfortable disease. Other urinary problems can include tumors, crystals, stones or other blockages. Apart from urinating everywhere but the box, in it's advanced stages the symptoms can include a loose of appetite, weakness and what even what appears to be fainting. You may spot blood in the urine, or you may not.
This is such a common problem, there are special kitty litters designed to detect protein in the urine, which indicates the presence of an infection.
If left untreated, bladder problems can and effect the kidneys as well. The symptoms of kidney disease are similar to a bladder infection, although you may also notice excessive drinking, vomiting, weight loss and difficulty urinating. Kidney problems and kidney failure are also a common problem as cats age.
- Diabetes
Cats can suffer from both type 1 (insufficient insulin produced ) and type 2 (body doesn't react well to insulin) diabetes - the result in both types is high blood sugar levels. The initial symptom is typically weight gain, but as the disease progresses, the cat will begin to loose weight. Other symptoms include excessive urination, excessive eating, weakness or a specific weakness in the rear legs.
- Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia)
Most common in urban areas and wherever large numbers of unvaccinated animals are kept together (pet stores, shelters or catterys). Cats of any age can be effected, but the condition is particularly dangerous in immune-compromised animals, the very young and the very old. Symptoms include depression, lack of appetite, fever, vomiting, diarrhea and anemia.
- Feline Leukemia - Feline AIDS
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) are retroviruses that compromise the immune system. The real problems come from the secondary conditions that the cat's system can't properly deal with, including cancers, digestive problems, susceptibility to infection, seizures, blindness, behavioral issues and blood disorders. If your cat has persistent diarrhea, poor appetite, eye problems, or symptoms of any of the secondary conditions, they should be tested for feline leukemia.
- Abscesses
Especially in unneutered males who spend a lot of time outside, abscesses are a common problem. Cats do like to fight, and a sharp tooth or claw can leave a puncture wound which left undetected and untreated can become infected. Look for swollen, hot, tender spots especially around the head, but on the rest of the body as well. If the infection spreads, the cat will loose their appetite and may become weak and listless. If the abscess ruptures, there will be oozing and an unpleasant odor.
- Tooth Decay
Longer life and canned food are contributing factors in poor feline dental health. The symptoms include bad breath, difficulty eating and drinking and weight loss.
- Hairballs
Especially in longer-haired cats, hairballs can be a major problem. Most cats suffer from hairballs, but if the cat is unable to vomit up or pass the wad of hair, a blockage of the digestive system is the result. Symptoms include coughing and retching or the dry heaves, if hairball is too large to be regurgitated. If the mass has passed into the intestinal tract, constipation and a lack of appetite are the result.
- Stress
As with humans, stress can play a major factor in the health of your cat. Stress can cause hair loss, weight loss, behavioral issues and can contribute to the severity of other diseases as well. A happy cat is more likely to respond favorably to treatment.
In an ideal world, our cats would take a trip to the vet every year, just as our dogs do. But in the mean time, if your cat has changes in their appetite, behavior, weight, fur condition, or toilet habits, do make the trip to your vet.