Disgraphia is sub-type of learning disability. Three main types of learning disability are dyslexia, dyscalculia and dysgraphia. They relates to reading, mathematical and writting disability respectively.
It is a nurological deficiency affecting the recognition of forms in letters. The child suffering from dysgraphia is unable to relate read or heard words or letters in written from by motor section of the brain. The child may be otherwise very intelligent and exceptional skillful.
Brain works in a very comlicated way. For a noramal person to perform a wrting action from hearing or reading will work in a coordinated sequential manner. Say for the instances of wrting by hearing, our ear will receive the sound, barin will analyze and process the received sound to make it meaning ful word or scentance. Motor section of the barin will pass signal to finger muscle to put down the heard sound on to a pepr or board in written form. For the case of wrtiing by reading is similar. Eyes will visualize, brain will analyze and process. Motor section will send signal to tounge & fingure muscle, which will reproduced as reading and wrting.
For dysgraphia sufferers underlying problem lies in the brain where received signals are analyzed and processed. Due to defective processing motor signal received at the figure does not express correctly in written form of the facts what they have heard or read. This can happen despite having the formal instruction to the child. Due to the disability the child may write something illegible, make simple speeling mistake or even reverse letters of the word. Some dysgraphia sufferers may have problem in language processing, causing inability to understand relation between words and ideas preseneted by the word just they have heard or read.
Sometimes it may be misunderstood as dysgraphia for slow wrting learners. Expert in this fields would be able to carry out diagonastic writing skill test to assess if the child's writing skill is normal for his or her age or suffering from dysgraphia. Comprehensive educational evaluation can assist to confirm that the child is really suffereing from dysgraphia or some other factors affecting writing disorder.
Child suffering from dysgraphia needs help and support. He may not cope up with normal class of his age group children and may need specilized education program. Many school has individual education program or IEP to help those child suffering form various form of learning disability including dysgraphia.