by Jennifer Bunn

Created on: July 27, 2008   Last Updated: August 19, 2008

Nosebleeds (also known as epistaxis) occur frequently and can provoke great anxiety. They are often less serious than they appear. There are, however, times when nosebleeds must be treated by a medical professional. The following guide will instruct you in how to manage nosebleeds at home, and when to seek help.
When a nosebleed occurs, the most important thing to remember is to stay calm. It is important to relax, as heightened blood pressure may make the bleeding worse. Sit down (or have the victim sit down) and lean slightly forward with the head slightly forward as well. Breathe through the mouth and use a damp cloth to catch any blood. Using the thumb and forefinger, gently pinch the soft part of the nose (not the hard, bony portion of the nose). Apply this pressure to the nose continuously for 5 minutes, then check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If the bleeding continues, apply pressure continuously for another 10 minutes. Once the bleeding has stopped, the nosebleed victim should not bend over, strain, or lift heavy objects for several days. Additionally, care must be taken not to dislodge any clots by blowing, picking, or rubbing the nose. A small amount of a water-soluble substance may be applied to the inside of the nose to provide moisture and prevent further bleeding.

There may be times when a nosebleed should be evaluated by a medical professional. You should go to the emergency room if:
the bleeding does not stop after 15-20 minutes of application of direct pressure
the bleeding is very rapid
the bleeding is profuse (over a coffee cup full)
the bleeding was caused by trauma i.e. a fall or a blow to the face
you feel faint or very weak
the blood is flowing down the back of your throat even when you are bending forward with your head slightly forward
There are some strategies you may employ to prevent further nosebleeds. The most important is not to put anything into the nose, including a finger, as this can damage delicate nasal tissue. Other methods for preventing nosebleeds include the following:
Use nasal saline spray or drops 2-3 times a day to keep the nasal cavity moist
Use a humidifier in the house to humidify the air
Open your mouth when sneezing
Quit smoking (smoking dries out the nasal cavity)
See your doctor if nosebleeds occur frequently. If your nosebleeds are due to allergies, seeing an allergist may help you to prevent nosebleeds.
Nosebleeds can be frightening, but knowing how to treat and prevent them will make you more comfortable in dealing with them.

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