by Len Morse

Created on: July 08, 2008   Last Updated: January 02, 2012

PUNCTUATION POWER

Punctuation is much more a science than an art; hence, the term "rules of punctuation." Some errors are unfortunately way too common, whether on paper or online, and those who believe that punctuation marks are insignificant may want to re-tool their thinking. This world needs better communication, and even the smallest mark, dot, dash, line, or symbol, when used properly, can make a big difference in how your message is received.

To learn more, simply remind yourself of the basics. Below are a few common uses for various English punctuation marks.

• Brief History 

Before printing, handwriting on manuscripts and other documents was haphazard, and thus extremely tough to read. Most Greek and Medieval punctuation marks existed as either space indicators or decoration, unlike the structure-based rules of today. After printing was invented, grammarians standardized punctuation, although it is still evolving.

• Apostrophes 

One of the most popular mistakes in writing is when writers assume that every letter "s" needs an apostrophe. Not true. Use an apostrophe only when showing ownership, but don't use one with plural nouns.

Bad: That mountains peak is covered with snow all year long.

Good: That mountain's peak is covered with snow all year long.

This sentence tells of one peak, "owned" by one mountain.

Bad: Young Sid used to steal his sister's doll's.

Good: Young Sid used to steal his sister's dolls.

This sentence tells of plural dolls, "owned" by one sister.

• Commas

A comma denotes a pause, usually separating two different, yet related thoughts. Commas are frequently used with conjunctions like "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," and "yet."

Bad: Starting a business is difficult yet I am doing it to make myself happy.

Good: Starting a business is difficult, yet I am doing it to make myself happy.

Bad: The doors needed sanding and the ceiling needed new paint.

Good: The doors needed sanding, and the ceiling needed new paint.

There are different schools of thought regarding the above sentence structure; some will say that a comma is not necessary. This depends on which style reference manual you choose to follow (i.e. Chicago, AP, etc.). Just remember to be consistent.

You can also use commas to separate items in a list.

Bad: I bought hats streamers lights and candy for the Halloween party.

Good: I bought hats, streamers, lights, and candy for the Halloween party.

• Periods 

Simply put, a period

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