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Did you ever wonder why your dog walks in circles before he lays down? His ancestors lived in the wild, and would circle to make a bed by pressing down the tall grass. That's the type of question that can be answered by ethology. Ethology (Greek for study of custom or character) explains the intricate interaction between the innate behaviors of animals and the environment. To study the custom or character of an animal you must observe them in their natural environment.

Behaviorists who study animals in the laboratory, like Dr. Skinner's rats in a box, learned that given a certain stimulus, a rat would give a certain conditioned response. But it didn't reveal much about the behavior of a rat in a dump. An ethologist would study the instinctive behavior of the rat's food gathering and reproduction habits in his natural habitat, which could help solve the rat overpopulation problem.

Actually, ethologists believe that behavior secrets are buried in the genes and have evolved to deal with particular environments. In 1918, Dr. Heinroth found that when hatchlings were isolated, they still exhibited the gene-coded instinctive behaviors of preening, shaking, and scratching. The chaffinch learns to sing its song even when raised in a sound proof box.

Studying the ethos' of different species can help us understand their behavior, and improve methods of husbandry or animal care. This also opens our minds to the animals care-giving behaviors and capacity for empathy, and leads us to inspect our philosophy concerning animal rights. This science can help us in the design of facilities and management systems, which will cut the number of problems for animal producers. For instance, because piglets root into a floor before lying down, a cold cement floor with wood shavings over it would not protect the animal from sleeping on the cold cement. Piglets instinctively press up against a vertical surface like their mother to keep warm. In the absence of their mother you need to put bales of cotton in their stalls to prevent them from pressing up against a cold outer wall.

Studying the behavior of horses helps us in the training process. Understanding the signs of aggressive behavior can help keep trainers and animals safer. Knowing the reproductive behaviors, feeding regimes, stock densities, and social dominance of animals can enable us to set the proper conditions for the raising of cattle, sheep, chickens, and all the animals we use for food and work.

Pet owners need to understand

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