7 of 7

Write now Article Tools

Holden Caulfield, the protagonist in J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, is proven to be mentally unstable, and therefore an unreliable narrator, from the first page. The setting is established as the place the place where he "had to come...and take it easy." His story is told in his own words to someone whom Holden feels needs an explanation of the "madman stuff" that has happened during the past year of his life. Holden's actions and attitude seem to prove a case for bipolar disorder, a mental illness that can cause people to have variable mood swings ranging from mania to depression.

From the beginning and throughout the novel, Holden is in denial that he has any problems and thinks that everyone else is to blame for the bad things that happen. He admits to being immature, but is quick to complain that no one ever notices when he does act his age. When Holden interacts with others, he tends to let his mind wander as he has conversations and feels that he is superior to those around him. This behvior is in contrast with the insecurities he expresses, wondering if people really like him and assuming everyone is a "phony." The qualities of speaking a lot and quickly, having rambling thoughts and feeling superior to others are all signs of a manic personality.
Holden's risk-taking behavior is another sign of mania. Lying, soliciting prostitutes, and putting himself in various dangerous positions are actions that are common with bipolar disorder. Holden feels no responsibility in his behavior and is willing to put his life at risk several times. Why does he encourage others to beat up on him and treat him poorly? He has had a difficult childhood, which he doesn't want to talk about and that lack of discussion is enough to presume difficulty. He often refers to himself as "crazy" and "a madman," which makes him more insecure.
Signs of depression seem to be juxtaposed to the manic behavior he displays. Holden feels no hope for his future. When Mr. Spencer, his history teacher at Pencey Prep, asks him about his future, he replies, "Oh, I feel some concern for my future...but not too much, I guess." This conversation became "very depressing" to Holden, realizing that he had no future. Even though he seems sincere as he listens to Mr. Spencer's advice, he has already given up on himself and has no intention of changing. This hopelessness is only one sign of depression Holden expresses.
Holden focuses on death, although

• 1
• 2
• next page >>

Add your voice

Know something about Holden Caulfield's psychological problems in The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger?
We want to hear your view. Write now!