Venepuncture can be defined as the use of a needle to enter a vein in order to collect a venous blood sample for medical purposes.

There are two mains reason for which a medical professional would undertake this practice.

1.In order to obtain a blood sample for the use in diagnosing. Sometimes it is required to have a blood test in order that any abnormalities, such as infection and allergies, can be detected. A blood sample is also used for cross-matching and blood grouping.

2. In order to monitor the levels of blood components within the bloodstream, such as the red and white cell count. Certain medications will require a regular blood sample in order to monitor the level within the bloodstream.

A blood test is invaluable to a physician in both diagnostic testing and monitoring.

It is a routine procedure, performed by doctors and trained nursing staff, who will possess the basic knowledge required in order to obtain the sample.

The medical professional will possess the knowledge of:

1. The human anatomy and physiology, whether the sample is to be obtained from the arm or the hands.
2. The correct criteria for choosing both the vein and the appropriate device, like the size of needle and a tourniquet. A patient with small veins, like a child, may require the use of a finer needle.
3. Performing the correct technique in obtaining a blood sample.
4. Understanding the potential for specific related problems that may arise when performing venepuncture on a patient.
5. Correctly disposing of equipment after each patient. Disposing of the needle into a sharp's box to prevent accidental cross-infection.

The doctor or nursing staff will also be aware of the possible psychological and the physical comfort of the intended patient. All aspects of the procedure can, and should, be explained to the patient, to put them at ease. Any questions from the patient concerning the procedure should be aswered accordingly. Certain measures should always be implemented in order to minimise the potential for bruising and haematoma formation at the puncture site.

Possible complications arising from this procedure are:
1. Pain or injury to the veins, nerves and tendons after the venepuncture.
2. Puncturing an artery.
3. Infection.
4. When bleeding or bruising continues.
5. Air em bolus (gas bubbles in the bloodstream)
6. Patient allergy to plaster. A patient should be asked prior to using plaster as a standard practice.
7. The patient may

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