by Alan Noonan

Created on: December 29, 2006   Last Updated: May 08, 2007

For years now, I've been fascinated by accounts of 'sunken cities' off the Irish coast. I've found four so far... is there more? Is our little isle slowly being reclaimed by the sea....

1*Cillstifiann
In Lahinch, Co. Clare, there's a popular legend concerning the sunken town of Cillstifiann, which if seen through clear water, will bring death to the witness. The story comes from the Annals of the Four Masters, which states that 'an earthquake occurred in West Clare almost 1,000 years ago, splitting the land between the Cliffs of Moher on the north and Baltard Cliffs on the south... The subsequent tidal wave engulfed the whole district between these two headlands'. One of the hamlets said to be buried was that of Cillstifiann.

Legend also has it that if the town ever rises out of the water again Lahinch will sink. Several islanders in recent years claim that they have seen the sunken half rising out of the sea on misty evenings around the winter solstice - complete with inhabitants, stone huts, live stock etc. They all swore solemn oaths as to the veracity.

2*Rosslare Fort
This 750 acre fort was at the end of one of the two headlands where Wexford Harbour meets the sea - the other being The Raven Point. Nature formed the headland over the years... only to take it away again later.

The headland is first mentioned on a map dating from 1599, and it seems that a fort was first established there in 1642. On Cromwell's arrival in Ireland in 1649, he ordered that the fort be seized. After a protracted siege, the garrison retreated in a small frigate, while their wives and children was massacred by Cromwell's troops, led by Lieutenant General Michael Jones. The killing was carried out in a cavern which became known as 'Cromwell's Murder Hole'.

After a few years of dereliction, in 1654, the fort was restored as a fort, Marine Revenue Station and Custom House, and was repopulated. It seems to have been in steady use until the 1870s, when the last schoolteacher left.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the fort was threatened by its very creator: the sea. Accelerated by drainage work in Wexford Harbour, a storm in the winter of 1924-25 caused a breach of the peninsula, reducing it to a mere ridge of sand. The fort was evacuated, and the sea reclaimed its own...

3*The Buried City of Bannow
This was another story I grew up with, but I can find very little real information about. There's a ruined church in Bannow, at legend has it that this is the only remaining building from a town which at some time or other sank below the sea, leaving only the chimney of the town hall above the water.

4*Sunken Towns Under Blessington Lakes
Between 1938 and 1940, 76 houses were demolished, and the bridges at Humphreystown, Baltyboys and Burgage blown up, in anticipation of the flooding of the valley for the Poulaphouca hydroelectric powerstation.

Maybe it's the use of pooka in the place name - literally the 'hole of the ghost/spirit/fairy etc.' (and nothing to with Joyce's urine/Poulaphouca connection in Ulysses, but I've heard tell of claims of 'bells tolling beneath the waters of Blessington'. As if. It usually comes from someone who doesn't know the area, and doesn't know that there wasn't a church down there.

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