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Varicose veins affect men and women and occurs when larger veins stretch, become abnormally enlarged, bulge, turn blue or purple in color and become lumpy looking. They are commonly found on the calves and on the inside of the legs. Spider veins are smaller blood vessels commonly found on the face and legs and take on a sunburst or web-like appearance and are reddish to purple in color. Hemorrhoids are varicose veins of the rectum. Varicoceles are varicose veins of the scrotum.

Sclerotherapy is the most common procedure for small to mid-sized veins. A Phlebologis, Dermatologist or Dermatologist Surgeon injects varicose veins with a solution that causes the vein walls to swell, stick together and close. Sclerotherapy does not require anesthesia and can be done in the doctor's office. Injections may cause temporary swelling, sores, red patches and bruising.

Laser Surgery is best suited for small veins. Strong pulses of light are sent directly to the varicose vein causing it to collapse and close. When the laser hit the skin, a painful heat sensation occurs. Cold packs reduce the pain. Lasers do not require anesthesia or needles.

Endovenous is usually performed on larger varicose veins and involves the use of a thin tube or catheter. The catheter is inserted into an enlarged vein and sends out laser energy causing the vein to collapse, shrink and close. Veins connected to the treated varicose vein also shrink after treatment and are usually treated with sclerotherapy.

Surgery, including Ambulatory Phlebectomy, requires either local or general anesthesia as an outpatient in a hospital. Veins are removed through incisions which develop into permanent scars. Temporary numbness and inflammation, swelling and redness are experienced shortly after surgery. Normal recovery time occurs within one to four weeks.

Endoscopic Vein Surgery occurs in advanced varicose vein cases involving leg ulcers and requires spinal or general anesthesia. A thin video camera is inserted into the leg to scope out the vein. Once the vein is located, it is either tied off or removed through small incisions. Small permanent scars result. Patients can return to normal activity within a few weeks.

While there is no scientifically proven way to prevent varicose veins the following recommendations might help:

Elevate legs
Alternating heel/toe flexes promote circulation and are beneficial to people who sit or stand for long periods
Wear loose clothing that does not restrict blood flow
Do not sit with your legs crossed
Avoid high heels
Maintain a healthy weight
Engage in regular, moderate exercise (walking, swimming and bicycling)
Wear support stockings through the day
Eat a fiber rich diet and avoid animal protein, ice cream, cheeses, potatoes, starchy foods, condiments, alcohol, coffee, strong tea, and white flour and white sugar products

Learn more about this author, Judith Windover.
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