by Nicolette Romero (nom de plume)

Created on: June 07, 2008   Last Updated: June 11, 2008

Scleroderma is a rheumatic, autoimmune disease characterized by thickening of the skin. There are two main types of scleroderma: localized or morphea scleroderma affects the skin only, and systemic scleroderma affects the skin and the soft tissues of internal organs. The cause of scleroderma remains unknown, although research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors lead to development of the disease. Women are four times more likely to be diagnosed with scleroderma than men.

The earliest symptoms of scleroderma may be overlooked. Typically, skin puffiness and tightness of the hands, face, or potentially other areas of the body is one of the earliest signs. Some people also experience a problem with blood flow to the fingers called Raynaud's phenomenon. Raynaud's phenomenon can be triggered by stress or exposure to cold, and is a painful spasm of the blood vessels which leads to a temporary interruption in blood circulation.

As this skin disorder progresses, larger areas of skin may become thick and tight. The skin may also develop a shiny appearance, and lines and wrinkles on the skin will smooth out. Individuals who have systemic scleroderma may develop internal symptoms, such as heartburn or shortness of breath. The tissues of almost any internal organ system, such as the lungs or gastrointestinal system can be affected by scleroderma.

There is no cure for scleroderma, and no one treatment is used. Specific symptoms, such as reflux, are treated individually. Overarching treatments such as immunosuppressive medications are also used. There are a variety of experimental and alternative treatments as well, such as chemotherapy medications and Chinese medicine. Avoiding cold may be recommended to prevent Raynaud's exacerbations, and an occupational therapist can provide instruction on exercises and the use of a paraffin bath to help minimize the disabling impact of scleroderma.

If you think you have scleroderma, talk to your primary care physician. It might be necessary to see a rheumatologist for diagnosis and treatment. In addition to the classic symptoms of scleroderma, a blood test can detect the presence of certain antibodies that are associated with the disease.

The impact, severity, and progression of scleroderma depend not only on the subtype, but also on several individual factors. Many communities offer support groups for individuals with scleroderma. Additionally, there are several online forums and message boards that offer support and valuable information on scleroderma.

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