Most children and teenagers go through a stage in their lives when they become increasingly defiant and can at times seem hostile and belligerent to their loved ones. For parents, this phase can seem to last forever; however in some instances this is not just normal adolescent behavior, but rather a behavior disorder. If your child's behavior seems more extreme than the typical preteen tantrum, it is possible that he/she may have Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

ODD is a behavior disorder, characterized by reoccurring patterns of hostility, negativity, and defiance resulting in significant problems in school and at home. ODD is most often diagnosed between the ages of 8 and 12. In some cases, ODD progresses into Conduct Disorder as the child grows older.

What are the warning signs for identifying Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

*Child often loses his temper, even over very minor things
*Refusal to obey orders/requests by adults
*Arguing a lot, especially with adults and people in positions of authority
*Never takes accountability for his own actions; it will always be another's fault
*Intentionally antagonizes others, like brothers or sisters
*Often becomes easily annoyed
*Spiteful, resentful, and angry most of the time
*These patterns of behavior have lasted for at least 6 months

What should the family expect?

Expect a drastic change in your child's normal behavior. The child will likely become socially isolated, her grades will begin to slip, she will get into trouble at school, and her wardrobe may change to appear more deviant. The family should expect an almost constant expression of anger and self-righteousness. Breaking rules, sneaking out, and hanging with a new "breed" of friends is also to be expected.

If I think my child has ODD what should I do?

The child's pediatrician can refer you to a child psychologist to get an accurate diagnosis. It is important that you take this step. The child will only become more susceptible to behavior that is dangerous, so it is important that the child gets a professional examination.

What type treatment will my child be receiving?

The child will likely receive individual counseling as well as in a family setting. The psychological therapy will likely involve behavioral, cognitive, and social learning approaches.

Treatment of the child will extend to at-home parenting techniques and behaviors. The family is going to have to show a great deal of perseverance because a child with this disorder has special needs. The parents will have to remain calm, reinforce positive behavior, and ease up on the restrictive rules put in place for the child. Ask the psychologist about classes or information on parenting youths with this disorder.

In some cases medications will be prescribed, especially if the disorder coexists with ADHD which can be common. Some medications that may be mentioned are:
Ritalin
Concerta
Adderall XR
Wellbutrin SR
Cylert
Strattera
Imipramine

Common resources

American Psychological Association (www.apa.org)
American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry (www.aacap.org)
American Academy of Pediatrics (www.aap.org)

Sources:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (1994)

Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders, fifth edition (2007)

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