by E K Stapleton

Created on: May 18, 2008   Last Updated: August 28, 2009

An occasional bout of vomiting and diarrhea is common in dogs. Even the healthiest of specimens suffer from the occasional episode. This isn't surprising as they aren't very selective, in terms of what they choose to ingest. When there is a sudden onset of severe diarrhea and vomiting, that isn't abating own it's own, this is cause for concern. The cause likely isn't from sneaking a couple of chocolate chip cookies from the kids, your dog may be suffering from gastroenteritis.

This is quite common in dogs, but should be taken very seriously. An inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract causes the severe vomiting and diarrhea. This prevents the body's normal digestive and absorptive processes from taking place. Water and nutrients aren't adequately absorbed into the body. The large amounts of fluid lost aren't replaced because of the dog's refusal to eat or drink. The result can be severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and shock. Veterinary intervention is required. Without treatment serious health conditions could ensue or it could be potentially fatal.

Symptoms of Gastroenteritis (Have a Sudden Onset)

- severe vomiting (food or yellow bile)

- watery, explosive diarrhea

- refusal to eat or drink

- lethargy or fatigue

- painful abdomen

- grumbling noises produced from abdomen

- blood in vomit and/or diarrhea

There are many factors that can cause gastroenteritis. Your vet may be able to pin point the problem or the origin of its onset may never be known. The main thing is to get your dog the treatment it needs.

Possible Causes

- obstruction or blockage (foreign objects, tumors)

- dietary intolerance or allergies

- ingestion of spoiled food

- infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic)

- drugs or toxins

- kidney or liver disease

- diabetes

- pancreatitis, peritonitis, prostatitis

- ulcers

- inflammatory bowel disease

- stress

- cancer

The vet will need to do some testing to make a proper diagnosis. Testing will rule out other possible conditions and clearly identify gastroenteritis. This ensures the proper course of treatment is given.

Tests For Making a Diagnosis

Complete Blood Count- Detects the presence of inflammation, infection and anemia.

Urinalysis- Allows the vet to evaluate kidney function and determine the level of hydration.

X-rays- Show the abdominal organs, any fluid present and any foreign objects or tumors that may be causing a blockage.

Fecal Exams- Detect the presence of any gastrointestinal parasites.

Once testing is done and a definite diagnosis has been made, treatment can begin. The main goal of treatment is to restore and maintain lost fluids and electrolytes and to allow the gastrointestinal tract time to rest and heal.

Treatment

- fluid and electrolyte treatment through intravenous

- medication to stop vomiting and diarrhea

- drugs to coat and soothe the GI tract

Once the vomiting and diarrhea are under control your dog should fast for about 24 hours. Water can then be gradually be given in moderate amounts. Over the next couple of days a very bland diet should be introduced. This should consist of foods that are gentle on the stomach and easily digested. Slowly the transition to your dog's normal diet can be made.

With early intervention and treatment your dog is likely to make a full and healthy recovery. Remember to keep garbage cans where your dog can't get access and keep the floor clear of tiny objects he may swallow. Prevention is the best medicine. As we all know, the list of things a dog will eat pretty much includes everything.

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