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engine power. It was the first to have a drop down rear door that served as a ramp for tracked or wheeled vehicles. 2 Humvees or 1 Humvee and a 150 mm Howitzer and crew can be easily transported.

Newer variants have "get you home" rotors which have an internal spar made of steel, as well as survivable fuel tanks. The explosive fuel vapor is replaced with nitrogen, an inert gas, greatly reducing the risk of explosion due to crash or weapon impact. The fuel tanks are self-sealing against damage up to .50 calibre.

Improvements have been continuous. During the Vietnam War, 355 CH-47A's were built, followed by 108 "B" and 270 "C" models. Despite their combat survivability, the rigors of the conflict saw the loss of 170 helicopters. By wars end, the remaining airframes were near the end of useful life. In 1976, the US Army began rebuilding and conversion of these survivors to the new CH-47D's, which had a 100% increase in performance over the first models. The original T55-L7 engines were replaced with the 3,750 hp L11's. Emergency military power provided 4,500 hp. All weather flight, day or night, and air-to-air refueling capabilities were incorporated.

By 2002 the upgrade to CH-47F models began, giving the Chinook yet another life extension. Older Chinooks are being completely rebuilt, reminiscent of the earlier CH-47D conversions. A new "glass cockpit" replaces the old analog instruments. Automatic altitude and hover holding, terrain following, missile warning and countermeasures are all state of the art. 4,868 hp Honeywell engines now enable 21,000 lb. Payloads. Mission radius is now 400 miles and top speed is over 175 miles per hour. Communication via the XXI Digital Battlefield Network will be possible. Several other variants exist including the MH-47D and E, both of which are used for the US Special Operations Forces.

Many other countries use the Chinook. Augusta (Italy) and Kawasaki (Japan) build variants under license. A commercial variant, model 234, was produced to support the oil and gas industry, heli-logging, construction, fire fighting, passenger service and cargo.

The widespread success of the Chinook can be attributed to continuous development
and improvements. One variant is a fearsome and well armed gun ship. Several other variants ensure it fits many assignments, both military and civilian.

Nearly 50 years after it's inception into the US Army, the CH-47 is still the mainstay heavy lift transport helicopter. With the latest upgrades and rebuilds the Chinook will continue to serve until 2030. Incredibly, the helicopter will outlive most of the engineers who designed it!

Learn more about this author, Dave Jackson.
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