by Matthew Adams

Created on: May 07, 2008   Last Updated: November 28, 2009

World War 2, 1939-1945, has a number of causes. Some historians argue that it was a mere continuation of the First World War, and that the causes of that war should be looked at also. However, the real answers can be found in the period 1918-1939.

After the first war, the peace settlement of Versailles was drafted and in many respects imposed upon Germany and their allies. This treaty, provided it was adhered to, limited the German military to virtually nil, demanded reparation payments and annexed land from Germany. It left the German nation, defeated and in financial difficulties, somewhat disappointed. The formation of the Nazi party had at its heart the overturning of this treaty. Plus further territorial ambitions which would later develop.

The Nazis at first attempted a failed putsch in 1923. Thereafter they campaigned within the Republic's elections. They did not fare especially well in these up to a point. The Wall Street Crash in 1929 left Germany in a most difficult economic position. The series of coalition governments within the Wiemar Republic had not been able to alter this course and as such the Nazis grew in popularity. Then, in 1933, they won enough seats to form a coalition government.

An extreme party had won a small sample of a coalition government. This did not deter the opposition who felt that that was all they would get. Contrary to expectations, via dubious means, they actually consolidated and a dictatorship was formed. Likewise, in Asia, a military dictatorship was established in Japan.

After consolidating internally, the Versailles settlement began to be challenged by the Nazis. Britain and France pursued a policy of appeasement that would aim to keep the peace in Europe. Alas this policy, despite its good intentions, did not obtain these goals. It allowed for the German military occupation of the Rhineland, and the rebuilding of German armed forces generally. It gradually lessened reparation demands, and also allowed for the Saar Plebiscite and a reunion with Austria. Had the French been firmer in upholding the treaty at this point, say for example in protecting the Rhineland, then the German military could have been easily defeated. Likewise, the territorial demands allowed for German expansion into Czechoslovakia and the Polish corridor. By 1939 the Nazis had almost wholly achieved their objective of overturning Versailles.

So it must be said, that one cannot blame the Versailles treaty for this war; for it had wholly been overturned

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