by Kenneth Gregory Smith

Created on: April 29, 2008

A useful tool in diagnosing depression is the acrostic SIGECAPS. If a person has suffered from some of the symptoms listed below for more than two weeks, it could be a sign of depression.

The S in SIGECAPS stands for sleep. Examples are irregular sleep patterns, too much or too little sleep, difficulty going to sleep or an increase of bad dreams.

The I in SIGECAPS stands for interest. Examples are a loss of interest or pleasure in doing things that usually bring pleasure, difficulty getting motivated to do even positive activities, and feelings of boredom.

The G in SIGECAPS stands for guilt. Examples are self-blame when one is not at fault, feeling excessively guilty for past or current events, and an increase of negative thoughts about oneself.

The E in SIGECAPS stands for energy. Examples are lower energy than normal, difficulty doing basic life skills, and feeling tired throughout the day.

The C in SIGECAPS stands for concentration. Examples are difficulty concentrating, trouble making even simple decisions, and becoming easily distractable.

The A in SIGECAPS stands for appetite. Examples are lowered appetite, eating too much or too little, weight loss of gain, or food tasting bland.

The P in SIGECAPS stands for psycho-motor. Examples are becoming restless, withdrawn, or slowing of movements.

The S in SIGECAPS stands for suicide. Examples are statements of wishing one were dead, not wanting to live, or most seriously of all, having thoughts of harming oneself.

Other signs and symptoms of depression in addition to the SIGECAPS model include physical conditions linked to depression such as digestive problems, headaches, backaches, joint or muscle pain, and dizziness.

It is important to also be aware of family history, as a family history of depression (particularly in biological parents) can make one more vulnerable to having the condition.

In my work as a psychotherapist, I routinely use the SIGECAPS model both when assessing a new client and in working with an ongoing client who is depressed.

I have found the SIGECAPS model to be a simple, but effective method of assessing depression.

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