by Albert Aunchman

Created on: April 28, 2008   Last Updated: April 29, 2008

Normal average body temperature is 98.6 degrees F. (37 degrees C). Body temperature is a measure of the body's ability to generate or get rid of heat. Since viruses and bacteria thrive at 98.6 F (36 C) the body protects itself by raising the core temperature to help fend off disease.

An elevated temperature is known as a fever or hyperthermia and a low body temperature is referred to as hypothermia. Temperatures in excess of 101 degrees F (38 degrees C), or lower than 96 degrees F (36 degrees C), are considered problematic and need immediate intervention.

There are many types of thermometers available on the market. The most popular and widely used is the digital thermometer. Digital thermometers can be used effectively in three ways: orally, axillary (armpit), or rectally.

Oral is the most common method of taking a temperature. The person should be able to breathe freely through the nose.

Place a disposable probe cover on the thermometer.
Place the thermometer under the tongue, to one side of the center. Close the lips tightly around it.
Leave the thermometer in place for the recommended time. Most digital thermometers will beep when the maximum temperature is reached.
Remove the thermometer and read it.

Taking a temperature rectally is recommended when getting the most accurate measurement is essential. It is the preferred method for babies and small children, as well as for anyone who cannot hold a thermometer safely in their mouth.

Apply a lubricant to the digital rectal thermometer. This will allow for easy insertion.
When measuring the temperature of small children or babies, turn the child face down on your lap or padded surface.
Spreads the buttocks with one hand and gently insert the bulb end about 0.5 in. (1.25 cm) to 1 in. (2.5 cm) into the anal canal with the other hand. Hold the thermometer in place with two fingers, close to the anal opening, while holding the buttocks together to help keep the thermometer in place.
Leave the thermometer in place until it beeps.
Remove the thermometer and read it. A rectal temperature reading will be as much as 1 degree F (.06 degree C) than an oral reading.

Taking a temperature in the armpit is not as accurate as taking an oral or rectal temperature. It is the least effective method for small children, since they have trouble sitting still.

Place the digital thermometer under the arm with the bulb in the center of the armpit.
Press the arm against the body until you hear the beep. Standing behind and holding the arms folded across their chest is recommended for small children.
Remove the thermometer and read it. Armpit temperatures are as much as 1 degree F (0.6 degrees C.) lower than an oral reading

The digital thermometer should be washed with cool, soapy water and rinsed before putting it away

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