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of other possible problems, and also by psychological testing. A qualified psychiatrist or psychologist will use detailed DSM-IV criteria to determine if a child meets the standard for ADD or ADHD diagnosis. The evaluation will include:

A thorough physical examination
Taking a complete medical and family history
Tests to asses of IQ, and emotional and social development

Observation of the child
Interviews with teachers, parents and other caregivers

* Treatment for ADD or ADHD may include:

* Medications:

Common medications used to treat ADD and ADHD are a class of amphetamine, which are thought to speed up abnormally slow transmission of brain signals in the prefrontal cortex.

Newer non-stimulant medications are also available. These work by affecting dopamine levels in the brain.

* Behavior modification, cognitive therapy and counseling:

Behavior modification, cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as individual and family counseling, all have a place in an effective ADD/ADHD treatment plan. Some parents even prefer to avoid medication entirely, in favor of these methods.

* And finally, remember:

Because the criteria used to reach an ADD or ADHD diagnosis are largely subjective, a parent should be vigilant in observing any behaviors that do not seem to fit with what one would expect from an ADD child, and discuss these with their child's health care provider. Parents should be reassured that effective treatment is available for ADD and ADHD. And, it is always appropriate to revisit the diagnostic process if treatment does not seem to be working.

Learn more about this author, Ysabel J. Doran.
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