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Gout is a type of arthritis that is caused by a buildup of crystals of sodium urate in joints. It primarily affects middle-aged men between 40 and 50 years of age, but can occur in younger people as well, though this is rare. When younger people are afflicted, it tends to be more severe for some reason. Women can also have it; generally after menopause. Over 2 million people in the US have some form of the disease.

The symptoms of gout can appear suddenly with little or no warning, and are often more acute at night, especially when the patient is in bed. It also may be seasonal, often occurring in Spring. Gout can have several triggers, such as surgery, trauma (injury), stress, and some illnesses. It is characterized by severe pain in the affected joint or joints, most commonly the big toe or the ankle, accompanied by inflammation and swelling. Other foot joints can also be affected, as can the knees, elbows or wrists. On rare occasions the shoulders, spine, or hips may be affected.

Usually, gout comes in "attacks", lasting for up to a few days, then gradually subsiding. Pain associated with gout can be agonizing. Even the slightest movement of the joint or the lightest touch, such as from a sheet, can be unbearable. Other common symptoms include fever, chills, an elevated heart rate, and an overall ill feeling.

The attacks may periodically continue until they turn into a chronic condition and results in permanent joint damage. Because of this, it is important to try to prevent future attacks.

Treatment is most concerned with pain relief and to reduce swelling in inflamed joints. Ice packs applied for 20-30 minutes at a time, several times a day helps many people. Certain drugs such as ibuprofen and anti-inflammatory medications are commonly used with a fair amount of success as well. Many medications can be in pill form, or injected. Over-the-counter hemorrhoidal ointments are another good option that, when applied to inflamed joints, reduces swelling and pain as well.

Many factors can contribute to the condition. In many cases, it seems to be hereditary. It can also be caused by alcohol consumption, by a protein-rich diet, and obesity. Diets rich in uric acid, like red meat, seafood, and red wine, are especially suspect.

For this reason, avoiding such foods, limiting or avoiding all alcohol intake, getting enough exercise, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy weight are your best defenses against developing the disease to begin with.

Learn more about this author, Laureen Manera.
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