2 of 2

Write now Article Tools

Page 2 of 2

it. The age of a haplogroup therefore gives the time in history when the mutation that gave rise to that haplogroup occurred.
An analysis of human mitochondrial DNA has revealed that the most recent ancestor of humans originated in Africa about 100,000-200,000 years ago. Moreover, it has also been shown that Neanderthal man made no contribution of its mitochondrial DNA to the present day human population. However, mitochondrial DNA represents just one locus. The problem with relying on just one locus in estimating evolution of a species is the possibility of neglecting the effect of genetic drift and natural selection. So, there is a call to include the male Y chromosome DNA also as part of the phylogenetic exercise.

The variation seen between different mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in different regions of the world have been attributed to prevailing local climate. For instance, among Siberians and North Americans the cold climate has led to uncoupling of heat production from ATP synthesis in the mitochondria.

Uses of mitochondrial DNA
it gives us an idea about socio-cultural practices of ancient civilizations including matri or patri-locality, polygyny and social stratification
because of its high copy number it is often the only DNA available for study of fossils
it can be helpful for people seeking to uncover their genealogy
It is useful in forensic science to identify otherwise unidentifiable victims of accidents or war provided a maternal relative is alive.

Learn more about this author, Subhankar Chakraborty.
Click here to send this author comments or questions.

• << previous page
• 1
• 2

Add your voice

Know something about Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution: In search of Eve?
We want to hear your view. Write now!